Acetyl glucosamine is a skin‑identical sugar that hydrates and encourages gentle surface renewal. When paired with brighteners, it helps fade dark spots and smooth roughness for a more polished glow.

Allantoin is an emollient often used to treat rashes and burns. It moisturises, reduces itching, protects against irritation and inflammation, and is effective on scar tissue.

Aloe vera is famed for its healing and anti-inflammatory properties, but it also promotes collagen production to help skin retain elasticity and minimise wrinkles. Anti-septic agents found in Aloe Vera inhibit bacteria, making it a helpful recovery aid.

Alpha arbutin is a gentle brightener that helps fade discoloration without irritation. It reduces new pigment formation, softening the look of uneven tone and hyperpigmentation for a smoother, brighter complexion.

Azelaic acid evens tone while calming bumps and blotchiness. It gently normalizes pigment pathways and provides antibacterial and anti-inflammatory benefits, making it ideal for reactive, redness‑prone skin.

Bakuchiol is a plant‑derived retinol alternative that supports collagen renewal with excellent tolerability. It helps smooth fine lines, improve texture, and promote a clearer, more even complexion—ideal for sensitive skin.

Betaine helps skin adapt to moisture losses and gains, working to balance hydration. New research shows promise as a topical ingredient to visibly correct uneven skin tone. Known to be gentle on skin, betaine is a powerful multi-tasker for skin health and radiance. By regulating the skin's moisture levels, it helps maintain optimal hydration and protects against dryness. Exciting new studies also indicate betaine's potential to improve uneven skin tone and discoloration. Whether plant-sourced or synthetic, betaine is a skin-loving ingredient that works in harmony with healthy skin, making it a valuable addition to any comprehensive routine.

4‑Butylresorcinol is a potent spot‑corrector for deep, stubborn hyperpigmentation. It effectively inhibits tyrosinase activity, accelerating the fade of dark patches and post‑inflammatory marks.

Camellia sinensis is well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it popular in skincare. Studies show that wounds treated with green tea extract and Intrasite gel heal significantly faster than those with a control treatment. After 10 days, these wounds exhibited narrower scars, fewer inflammatory cells, and increased collagen and blood vessel formation. In a rat model, those receiving green tea extract also showed improved healing in the first two weeks. Overall, green tea extract demonstrates promise in enhancing wound healing, especially for surgical wounds.

Ceramides are particularly valuable for sensitive skins, and protect against the unusually high rate of water loss that problem skins can face due to a compromised skin barrier. They aid moisturisation while strengthening the skin’s natural barrier, protecting it from itching and inflammation caused when irritants penetrate and invade.

A lipid‑loving form of tranexamic acid, cetyl tranexamate mesylate helps calm visible redness and reduce melasma and sun-induced discoloration. By interrupting pigment signaling in the skin, it diminishes dark patches while supporting a more uniform tone.

Cica is famed for its antioxidant and inflammatory qualities that decrease redness and irritation. Cica is on double hydrating duty, improving moisture by hydrating the skin’s surface, and reducing water loss to plump and fill fine lines and wrinkles. A natural healer, Cica was shown in tests to heal wounds up to 40% faster than those that remained untreated.

CoQ10 boosts collagen production, which is important for skin health, and it has been shown to reduce the activity of an enzyme involved in melanin production, potentially helping to lighten skin. Overall, it's beneficial for promoting healthy, youthful-looking skin.

This intelligent brightener activates within the skin to visibly reduce dark spots and sallowness. It downregulates pigment triggers and provides antioxidant support, helping skin look clearer, brighter, and more refined.

Ferulic acid is an antioxidant that protects skin from free radical damage and stabilizes other brighteners, especially vitamin C. It enhances overall luminosity and helps preserve a more even tone.

Humectant Glycerin draws moisture to the skin and protects against future moisture loss.

Vitis Vinifera, also known as grape seed extract, is a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant botanical, historically used in Europe to calm and heal wounds. It can significantly increase moisture and improve the skin’s elasticity.

Jojoba oil is a versatile skincare ingredient with extensive benefits for various skin conditions. The high content of wax esters in jojoba oil makes it a valuable repair option for skin disorders with altered or defective sebaceous barriers, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and acne. In addition to its barrier-restoring properties, jojoba oil also exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects, rendering it useful for managing skin infections, signs of aging, and even promoting wound healing. Studies have demonstrated jojoba oil's effectiveness in improving the appearance of acne, psoriasis, and accelerating wound recovery.

Kojic acid targets stubborn dark spots, sun spots, and post-acne marks. It works by gently slowing tyrosinase, the enzyme that drives excess melanin production, to reveal a clearer, more even tone over time.

Niacinamide brightens the skin, while increasing skin elasticity to reduce wrinkles. Able to reduce redness and pigmentation, this active also contains anti-inflammatory and anti-itching properties that are particularly useful for treating reactive skin types, including eczema and acne.

Moisturising Panthenol, or pro-vitamin B5, helps skin attract and hold water, and has been shown to increase hydration by up to 49% over 28 days.

Prickly pear extract is part of the cactaceae  family and has been found to soothe, protect and increase hydration in sensitive skin in cell culture tests.

Pullulan serves as a valuable "carrier" to deliver active ingredients deeper into the epidermis. It also has excellent water retention and film-forming abilities, making it an interesting moisturizing and protective ingredient.

While pullulan can be used alone, its strength shines when combined with other products as part of a complete skincare regimen. The synergistic effects help boost absorption and maximize benefits for the skin.

Notable for its healing qualities, shea butter helps with scars, bruises and burns recovery, and prevents rashes, dermatitis and eczema.

Squalane boosts the skin’s barrier and significantly reduces dryness, preventing transepidermal water loss to protect against flaky and dehydrated skin. 

Skin-softening tocopherol, or vitamin E, helps skin create a natural barrier to retain moisture, while protecting cells from environmental damage.

Tocopheryl acetate (Vitamin E) nourishes and shields the skin from environmental stress. It supports the lipid barrier, complements vitamin C, and helps maintain lasting softness and comfort.

Trehalose has impressive protective and therapeutic benefits. Studies show it can shield skin cells from UVB radiation damage and have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and potent antioxidant effects in UV-exposed tissues. These versatile benefits make trehalose a valuable ingredient for skincare and eye care formulations targeting UV-induced damage.

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is a stable, oil‑soluble vitamin C that penetrates efficiently to brighten and support collagen. It helps defend against environmental stressors while delivering a smooth, luminous finish with minimal irritation.

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a gentle, water‑soluble vitamin C derivative that evens tone and supports clarity. Known for its antioxidant benefits, it helps improve the look of discoloration and post‑blemish marks.

3‑O‑Ethyl Ascorbic Acid3‑O‑Ethyl ascorbic acid is a modern, stable vitamin C that converts effectively to active ascorbic acid in skin. It boosts radiance, targets uneven tone, and pairs well with other antioxidants for enhanced brightening power.